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Mobile phones have become a ubiquitous technology and for many people a
daily companion, primarily used for communication and information access.
The fact that the phone is accompanying the user makes it an interesting
platform for building applications that utilize the phone as an ambient
display. We explore the domain of ambient displays and persuasive technology
with regard to communication. In this project we analyse the technical
capabilities of mobile phones that can support the collection of
information.
To evaluate the overall concept and the specific designs
we conducted 20 interviews in Finland and Germany. Our
primary gaol was to evaluate if people understand and like
the concept proposed. We conducted structured
interviews based on a set of questions. The questionnaire
and the collection of raw results can are available here:
Questionnaire
PDF,
Results PDF
Below, we present some designs of how the screen saver on a phone can
raise users’ awareness of their personal communication behaviour.
Example Implementations
To document the intermediate results we selected four example designs
that provide peripheral awareness for the personal communication pattern.
Those examples are suited to show the potential design space and the options
available for the ambient visualization of personal communications behaviour
on a mobile phone.
Design 1 - Solar System
This prototype uses the solar system to visualize the information. The planets
are all constantly moving around the sun (the center). In the initial prototype
each planet represents one communication partner. The size and velocity of the
planet reflect the communication events. The bigger the planets the more
messages exchanged, and the faster the planet moves, the more call conversations
have taken place with the person. In the set-up screen of this prototype
contacts can be assigned to planets. E.g. one can assign her best friend Max to
the Earth and her grandma to Mars. The communication behavior with these people
is then reflected by these components in the visualization. This visualization
offers further parameters that could be used to map information, e.g. activity
of background stars, rotation of planets, or appearance of comets. During the
discussion of the result one idea was to add a comet automatically to the
visualization if there is a lot of communication a new person. The user would
then be able to look up in the set-up screen who this is, and potentially map
this new contact to a planet.
Design 2 - Aquarium
The aquarium prototype reuses a common screen saver scheme.
In this case each chosen communication partner is represented by a fish, see
Figure 2. The fish are animated. In this prototype the size of the fish
reflects the money the user spent on communication with this person; the bigger
the fish the more money was spent in communication with this person. The speed
of the fish is related to the time since the last call. If the fish is very
slow there was no communication for a long time. The direction on the fish
visualizes the direction of the initiation of calls. If the fish swims from
left to right you call more often that you are called by this person.
Options available to convey further parameters are bubbles
from the mouth of a fish, the animation of the mouth of the fish, and plants in
the water.
Design 3 - Bubbles
Here, an abstract representation is used. Each circle
(distinguished by color) is a person and the size and speed of the circle
represents communication meta-information with this person. Likewise each
circle can be used to represent one call. The color links it to a person and
the size shows to the duration of the call.
Design 4 - Heartbeat
Another abstract representation using differently couloured lines. These could
either be used to give an indication of the progression of calls made or
visualize several parameters at the same time.
Design 5a / 5b - Flowers
The flowers in this version are similar to the fish in the
aquarium. In the basic version (top) only the size of the flowers are used representing
the communication activity over the last weeks with the associated
person. In the setup a contact can be assigned to each flower.
In the extended version (bottom) the altitude of the sun, the number of leaves, the size of the flowers
and the speed and magnitude of their movement can all
be used as parameters.
Design 6 - City Map
This design switches between two different views on the statistical data. First,
coloured pie charts convey some information like the number of calls to a
specific contact (matched by colour). Second, a street map is shown with a small
car travelling around. This is used to show locations where the user spent much
of her / his time. Whenever such a location is visible or the car approaches
such a location, the building is highlighted. This of course breaches the
concept of privacy if real maps are used. Abstract or artificial maps could be
used to overcome this issue.